Bipolar Disorders

Manic Depression

Formerly known as manic depression, bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that involves extreme changes in your mood, energy levels, concentration, and ability to carry out daily tasks. There are three main types of bipolar disorders:
Bipolar I disorder: People with bipolar I disorder have had at least one manic episode, which may include psychosis and can be so severe that hospitalization is necessary. Hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes may also occur.
Bipolar II disorder: People with bipolar II disorder have never had a manic episode, but that doesn’t mean this is a milder version of bipolar I. Bipolar II is a separate condition that involves at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode.
Cyclothymic disorder: Also known as cyclothymia, this type involves many periods of hypomania symptoms and depressive symptoms, though not as severe as major depression. These symptoms must go on for a minimum of two years in adults and one year in children and teenagers.

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What are the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorders?

Bipolar disorders can occur at any age, but symptoms often begin during a person’s teens or early 20s. Depending on the type of bipolar disorder you have, symptoms may include:
Manic and hypomanic episodes
A manic or hypomanic episode can cause a person to be unusually high-spirited or extremely irritable for most of the day. Other symptoms may include increased energy, activity, talkativeness, and engagement in risky behaviors like spending sprees.
Manic episodes can cause some people to experience a break from reality, known as psychosis, which may involve hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and false beliefs.
Major depressive episodes
A major depressive episode involves symptoms of depression that are severe enough to interfere with school, work, and social activities. Common depression symptoms include feeling sad or hopeless, losing interest in hobbies and activities, and changes in eating and sleeping habits.